Champagne is the most famous sparkling wine region in the world. It is located in northeastern France, near the northern limit for winemaking. The major villages of Champagne are Reims, Epernay, and Ay. The only grapes permitted in Champagne are Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier. Though there is some dispute on the subject, the process by which Champagne is made, with a secondary fermentation in bottle, is said to have been invented here. The soil is largely chalk, providing the wines with a distinct minerality. The climate is cool and harsh, and the vintages are inconsistent, which gave rise to the practice of blending.
The five major districts of Champagne are: Montagne de Reims (mostly Pinot Noir), Cote des Blancs (Chardonnay), Aube (Pinot Noir), Valee de la Marne (Pinot Meunier), and Cote de Sezanne (Chardonnay).
The region is dominated by Champagne houses, which purchase most of their grapes from growers and blend their wines according to a house style. Their greatest strengths are consistency and the ability to rely on a variety of older vintages. Some growers also make their own wines. They do not have the resources of the large houses, but are often able to achieve more distinctive expressions of terroir. Increased interest in grower Champagne has encouraged some Champagne houses to release single-vineyard wines.
Non-vintage Champagne must be aged for a minimum of 15 months. Vintage Champagne is made only in good years. It must be aged for a minimum of three years. Rose Champagne is unlike most rose in that it is usually made by blending red and white base wines.
– Description from
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